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The qaba and gqoboka sides of Mbewuleni, two ways of living side by side; the Mbekis homestead and shop on the qaba side; became the centre of civilisation in Mbewuleni; legislation eroded the rural black agricultural economy, Govan turned to territory politics; an upsurge of militancy in black communities in the 1940s, ANC Youth League; also a radicalisation in rural politics, Govan sold insurance an alibi for cross country mobilisation and recruiting people into the ANC; the responsibility of running the shop and raising children fell on Epainette; Mbeki children grew up with books, Epainette raised children with combination of discipline and openness; Education: the Ewing Prep School Mbeki attended; Mbeki went to school (1949) before the implementation of apartheid, iniquities were there already, the state spent six and a half times more on a white child than it did on a black child; Bantu Education, independent mission schools finally shut down in 1959, Mbeki one of last to follow same standard curriculum as white students; Mbeki helping out in shop, the letter reader and writer, his comfort with the qaba customers, on belonging to neither qaba nor gqoboka worlds.
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